Effect of Segmental Expansion Exercises on Pulmonary Function in Patients with Upper Abdominal Surgery- A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Following upper abdominal surgeries, restricted pulmonary function and limited chest expansion often occur due to incisions near the diaphragm. This study aimed to assess the influence of segmental expansion exercises on pulmonary function among individuals recovering from upper abdominal surgery. Method: The study involved 88 patients who underwent elective upper abdominal surgery, randomized into two groups. Over a five-day postoperative period, Group A received standard physiotherapy, including diaphragmatic exercises, splinted huffing/coughing, and ambulation. In contrast, Group B received routine physiotherapy along with segmental expansion exercises. The study evaluated pulmonary function through measurements of forced vital capacity, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, Peak Expiratory Flow, and chest expansion. Results: Following the five-day intervention period, significant differences in pulmonary function and chest expansion measurements were observed between the intervention group and the control group. Although no significant disparities were detected between the groups in terms of pulmonary function test results, a noteworthy statistical significance was found in chest expansion measurements (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Segmental expansion exercises administered as part of postoperative care for upper abdominal surgery patients have led to significant improvements in pulmonary function and chest expansion.