DNA Extraction from Ancient Conehead Mummy Teeth

Between 1880-1947, ancient burial sites in the Paracas peninsula of Peru were found and excavated by archaeologists. Several mummified remains were procured from these expeditions (Jones, K, 2018). These mummies presented apparent cranial deformations, which is what gave rise to the popular name "Conehead mummy". Their unusually elongated skulls and enlarged eye sockets sparked a wide range of speculative theories regarding their genetic origins. Some archaeologists and geneticists attributed the deformation to the cultural practice of cranial binding, which uses pressure to morph the skull – often a societal symbol of wealth or importance. Others believed the Conehead mummies were proof of extraterrestrial visitors, claiming the mummies were descendants from non-humanoid species or actual aliens themselves. The genetic ancestry of these mysterious ancient people is still debated today; however, most of the evidence disproves the notion that the Conehead mummies have mutant DNA. Further investigation into the genetics of the Conehead mummies is required and can be accomplished through the analysis of their dental remains. Scientists have debated whether to employ the use of destructive methods, which utilize heat and harsh appliances, or to approach the extraction with the aim of minimal sample destruction. This research previously employed destructive and minimally destructive methods to study which procedure is preferable. However, the DNA results for both methods were below the forensic science threshold. Current efforts are being made to research and test alternative extraction methods for the destructive and minimally destructive processes with the goal of obtaining a higher concentration of DNA.