Design Considerations to Ensure a Safe and Effective Piping System for a Self-humidifying PEMFC

Fuel cell systems, particularly in stationary power and transport applications, are becoming increasingly prevalent for hydrogen utilization. However, designing reliable and leak-tight hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and infrastructure presents significant challenges due to the small molecule nature of hydrogen, which can easily permeate through even the smallest fissures. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operate at low temperatures and pressures, necessitating precise fuel flow control for optimal performance. Thus, the performance of fittings in high-pressure hydrogen fuel systems is crucial. This paper explores design considerations to ensure safety and efficiency in fuel cell systems, focusing on components and materials in fuel piping, while adhering to relevant standards and regulations. A proposed fluid system solution is also presented.