Crisis del Sistema Internacional Liberal: Gobernanza, Nacionalismo y el Resurgimiento de Gobiernos Autoritarios

After the end of the Cold War, the international system based on a liberal order gradually entered a period of systemic crisis. This can be explained by three specific phenomena. First, the crisis of public international governance, in which international organizations show little or no capacity to enforce their policies, combined with the fragmentation of governance bodies. Second, the rise of strong nationalist movements in countries with significant international influence, as a response to the perceived threats posed by multilateralism and globalization. In parallel, this allows for the resurgence of authoritarian governments that use such narratives to justify their hold on power and undermine the international system that represents values opposed to their own.Through the use of bibliographic and journalistic material, an analysis of historical and political processes was carried out. This made it possible to identify that, in the face of a progressively shifting global balance of power and an erosion of liberal principles, it is essential to strengthen institutions and revitalize multilateralism as a tool to preserve the liberal order—one centered on democracy and cooperation—by balancing national interests with transcendent principles and adapting the liberal order to the current context.