Comparison between three methods of using hemolock polymer clips, titanium clips and suture ligature in canine laparoscopic ovariectomy

<p style="text-align: left;">Laparoscopic clips are used for vessel sealing in laparoscopic surgeries. In this experimental study, 12 native breed female dogs with an age of 1.5&plusmn; 0.5 years and weight of 15&plusmn;2 kg were used, which included 3 groups consisting of 4 dogs in each group. In the first group, silk suture was used to ligate the ovarian pedicle and suspensory ligament, and in the second and third groups, hemostasis was achieved by using hemolock and titanium laparoscopic clips during laparoscopic ovariectomy. Between the three studied groups, a significant difference was observed in terms of the duration of application of all clips and knots in each ovary and the total hemostasis time (TH) of each ovary and the total operation time with the longest duration being observed in the suture group (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). In terms of vascular dilatation between the two muscle layers and perivascular fibrosis, no significant difference was observed between the three studied groups (<em>p</em>&gt;0.05). In terms of clots and bleeding in the connective tissue around the ovary, the only significant difference was observed in the left ovary between the ligature group and the hemolack group with more clots and bleeding being observed in the ligature group (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05). In terms of the duration of surgery, the use of hemostatic clips, including polymer and titanium clips, is preferable to sutures, and histopathologically, hemostatic clips cause less inflammatory changes than silk sutures in uterine tissue and ovarian pedicles therefore it can be concluded that they can be used in these tissues without serious risks.