Age-related shifts in central adiposity and metabolic health in adult males of Delhi: observations and implications for physical activity

Background and purpose This study investigates age-related changes in central adiposity, body composition, and basal metabolic rate in adult males residing in the Delhi region, emphasizing their implications for physical activity interventions aimed at reducing central adiposity and associated health risks. Materials and Methods Data were collected from 200 adult males aged 26 to 50, divided into five age groups, to assess key anthropometric indicators, including waist-to-hip, waist-to-height, and neck-to-hip ratios. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to determine body fat percentage, lean body mass, and basal metabolic rate. A one-way ANOVA was conducted to compare differences in these metrics across age groups, and Pearson's correlations assessed relationships between central adiposity, body composition, and metabolic rate. Results The results revealed significant age-related increases in waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios, as well as body fat percentage, all of which suggest increased central adiposity with advancing age. Basal metabolic rate demonstrated a progressive decline across age groups, correlating with reduced lean body mass. Strong positive correlations were observed between central adiposity indicators and body fat percentage, underscoring the risk of elevated central adiposity and its metabolic implications as age progresses. Conclusions Age-related changes in central adiposity and body composition emphasize the importance of targeted exercise interventions, including aerobic and resistance training, to reduce abdominal fat and support metabolic health. Declining basal metabolic rates and slight reductions in lean body mass highlight the need for resistance training to preserve muscle mass and overall resilience. Metrics like waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios are effective indicators of metabolic risks, underscoring the role of structured, evidence-based exercise programs in promoting healthy aging and reducing cardiometabolic risks.