Some applications of the Nygaard filtration and quasisyntomic descent in positive characteristic

This article gives an expository account of quasisyntomic descent and the Nygaard filtration in positive characteristic, complemented by several new applications to $p$-adic cohomology theories. The guiding result is a new approach to Illusie's comparison between fppf cohomology with $\mathbb{Z}_p(1)$ coefficients and the slope $1$ part of crystalline cohomology. We follow work of Bhatt-Lurie, but give a more elementary presentation which does not rely on the formalism of $\infty$-categories. We then revisit Ogus' comparison theorem between infinitesimal cohomology and étale cohomology, and give new proofs of several results on fppf cohomology that were previously obtained with the de Rham-Witt complex. We also determine the action of multiplication-by-$n$ on the fppf cohomology of an abelian variety, answering a question of A. Skorobogatov to the author. This is an expanded version of the author's master thesis.