GreekBarBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Free-Text Legal Reasoning and Citations

We introduce GreekBarBench, a benchmark that evaluates LLMs on legal questions across five different legal areas from the Greek Bar exams, requiring citations to statutory articles and case facts. To tackle the challenges of free-text evaluation, we propose a three-dimensional scoring system combined with an LLM-as-a-judge approach. We also develop a meta-evaluation benchmark to assess the correlation between LLM-judges and human expert evaluations, revealing that simple, span-based rubrics improve their alignment. Our systematic evaluation of 13 proprietary and open-weight LLMs shows that even though the best models outperform average expert scores, they fall short of the 95th percentile of experts.

Publication Details

Journal
ArXiv.org
Published
2025-05-22
Primary Topic
Artificial Intelligence in Law
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

Funders

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article

GreekBarBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Free-Text Legal Reasoning and Citations

ArXiv.org
Artificial Intelligence in Law
article

GreekBarBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Free-Text Legal Reasoning and Citations

article en

Abstract

We introduce GreekBarBench, a benchmark that evaluates LLMs on legal questions across five different legal areas from the Greek Bar exams, requiring citations to statutory articles and case facts. To tackle the challenges of free-text evaluation, we propose a three-dimensional scoring system combined with an LLM-as-a-judge approach. We also develop a meta-evaluation benchmark to assess the correlation between LLM-judges and human expert evaluations, revealing that simple, span-based rubrics improve their alignment. Our systematic evaluation of 13 proprietary and open-weight LLMs shows that even though the best models outperform average expert scores, they fall short of the 95th percentile of experts.

ArXiv.org
European Commission
Peace, Justice and strong institutions
Openalex Percentile: Top 43%
Artificial Intelligence in Law
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