Rational Wave Numbers and the Algebraic Structure of the Cyclic Groups of the Roots of Unity

Rational wave numbers are periodic sequences ${\mathbf \omega}={\bf A}{\bf w}(f,g)$ in which amplitude ${\bf A}$ a product of powers of trigonometric sequences and ${\bf w}(f,g)=\exp({\bf {i2}\pi ( f {\mathbf \xi} \oplus g{\bf 1})})$ is a sequence with $ \xi \epsilon \mathbb{ Z}$ and $f,g$ rational. They generalize the cyclic groups of the $n$th roots of unity and are generated from two unitary sequences. The multiplicative group ${\bf W}_M$ with ${\bf A}={\bf 1}$ is their closure wrt product, root, and reflection operators. The commutative ring ${\bf W}_A$ has additional closure wrt summation. The field ${\bf W}_I$ of invertible wave numbers has further closure wrt an inverse. Sums and differences of its elements are ${\mathbf \omega}_1 \oplus {\mathbf \omega}_2= {\bf 2} \cos\big( {{\bf i}} ln\big(\frac{{\mathbf \omega}_2}{{\mathbf \omega}_1}\big)^{1/2}\big) \big({\mathbf \omega}_1 {\mathbf \omega}_2 \big)^{1/2}$ and ${\mathbf \omega}_1 \ominus {\mathbf \omega}_2= {\bf {2 i}} \sin\big( {{\bf i}} ln\big(\frac{{\mathbf \omega}_2}{{\mathbf \omega}_1}\big)^{1/2}\big) \big({\mathbf \omega}_1 {\mathbf \omega}_2 \big)^{1/2}$. Its amplitudes form a multiplicative subgroup over which ${\bf W}_M \cup \big\{{\bf 0}\big\}$ is a vector space. Wave numbers of period $n\ \epsilon\ \mathbb{N}$ possess $n$ phases, multiplicative norms, representations wrt orthonormal bases, and prime representations. Rational wave numbers may be completed with respect to Cauchy sequences of parameters $({{f,g}})$. Equations in invertible wave numbers have solutions corresponding to zeros of their trigonometric factors. Orthonormal bases are employed in constructing the integral wave numbers and allow definitions of the particulate and prime wave numbers in terms of permissible phase-values.

Publication Details

Journal
ArXiv.org
Published
2025-03-04
Primary Topic
Algebraic and Geometric Analysis
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Rational Wave Numbers and the Algebraic Structure of the Cyclic Groups of the Roots of Unity

ArXiv.org
Algebraic and Geometric Analysis
article

Rational Wave Numbers and the Algebraic Structure of the Cyclic Groups of the Roots of Unity

article en

Abstract

Rational wave numbers are periodic sequences ${\mathbf \omega}={\bf A}{\bf w}(f,g)$ in which amplitude ${\bf A}$ a product of powers of trigonometric sequences and ${\bf w}(f,g)=\exp({\bf {i2}\pi ( f {\mathbf \xi} \oplus g{\bf 1})})$ is a sequence with $ \xi \epsilon \mathbb{ Z}$ and $f,g$ rational. They generalize the cyclic groups of the $n$th roots of unity and are generated from two unitary sequences. The multiplicative group ${\bf W}_M$ with ${\bf A}={\bf 1}$ is their closure wrt product, root, and reflection operators. The commutative ring ${\bf W}_A$ has additional closure wrt summation. The field ${\bf W}_I$ of invertible wave numbers has further closure wrt an inverse. Sums and differences of its elements are ${\mathbf \omega}_1 \oplus {\mathbf \omega}_2= {\bf 2} \cos\big( {{\bf i}} ln\big(\frac{{\mathbf \omega}_2}{{\mathbf \omega}_1}\big)^{1/2}\big) \big({\mathbf \omega}_1 {\mathbf \omega}_2 \big)^{1/2}$ and ${\mathbf \omega}_1 \ominus {\mathbf \omega}_2= {\bf {2 i}} \sin\big( {{\bf i}} ln\big(\frac{{\mathbf \omega}_2}{{\mathbf \omega}_1}\big)^{1/2}\big) \big({\mathbf \omega}_1 {\mathbf \omega}_2 \big)^{1/2}$. Its amplitudes form a multiplicative subgroup over which ${\bf W}_M \cup \big\{{\bf 0}\big\}$ is a vector space. Wave numbers of period $n\ \epsilon\ \mathbb{N}$ possess $n$ phases, multiplicative norms, representations wrt orthonormal bases, and prime representations. Rational wave numbers may be completed with respect to Cauchy sequences of parameters $({{f,g}})$. Equations in invertible wave numbers have solutions corresponding to zeros of their trigonometric factors. Orthonormal bases are employed in constructing the integral wave numbers and allow definitions of the particulate and prime wave numbers in terms of permissible phase-values.

ArXiv.org
Openalex Percentile: Top 39%
Algebraic and Geometric Analysis
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.