A Mini Review on Tumor Organoid-on-a-Chip Technologies in Personalized Oncology

Tumor organoid-on-a-chip platforms represent a cutting-edge fusion of patient-derived organoids with microfluidic technologies, offering unprecedented capabilities for personalized cancer research. These systems overcome limitations of conventional models by enabling precise control over the tumor microenvironment, including nutrient gradients, fluid flow, and immune interactions. Tumor organoids recapitulate patient-specific tumor heterogeneity and genetic landscapes, while microfluidic chips provide dynamic perfusion and mechanical stimuli, enhancing physiological relevance. Together, they facilitate advanced applications such as high-throughput drug screening, immunotherapy testing, and metastasis modeling, showing superior predictive power for clinical outcomes. Despite challenges in standardization, scalability, and integration of complex tumor components, ongoing advances in hydrogel engineering, automation, and artificial intelligence are poised to accelerate their clinical translation. This review highlights current technologies, applications, and future directions of tumor organoid-on-a-chip systems, emphasizing their transformative potential in precision oncology.