Non-Commutative fluid: an alternative source of cosmic acceleration

We have developed a Hubble function based on Newtonian Cosmology using non-commutative fluid equations. Our Hubble function contains cosmic fluids with the signature of a new cosmological parameter $\sigma$, motivated by a non-commutative Poisson bracket structure. Interestingly, this Hubble function does not include any external fluid content related to dark energy or the Cosmological constant; the parameter $\sigma$ acts as the source of accelerated expansion. In this work, we aim to explain the phenomenon of the accelerating expansion of the universe without "dark energy". Additionally, we have verified the observational bounds for $\sigma$ to assess its potential in explaining the accelerated expansion.