The grammaticalization of the Turkic comitative(s): Mismatches in harmony and stress

In this paper, building on Dees’ (2023, 2024) Cophonologies by Phase (CBP) analysis of the disharmonic Kazakh (South Kipchak Turkic) comitative/instrumental marker, I provide a CBP analysis of the Turkish (West Oghuz Turkic) comitative/instrumental marker. The two respective analyses capture observed mismatches in harmony and stress between the Kazakh and Turkish comitative/instrumental markers. Based on these analyses, and tying in Qaraqalpaq (South Kipchak Turkic) and Azerbaijani (West Oghuz Turkic), I argue that the South Kipchak comitative/instrumental marker and the West Oghuz comitative/instrumental marker have been grammaticalized (or semi-grammaticalized) from distinct proto-elements. Furthermore, I make novel observations about CBP-style enhanced vocabulary items, which seem to suggest that (supra)segmental content and prosodic subcategorizations are subject to change over time, but Cophonologies (or reweighting of constraints) remain intact.