Novel application of robust UiO-67 MOF in dispersive solid phase extraction for sensitive detection of PAHs residues in <i>Radix isatidis</i> from different localities

A simple and reliable method was developed to simultaneously monitor the residues of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) and chrysene (Chr) in <i>Radix isatidis</i> using a dispersive solid phase extraction technique (d-SPE). In this method, these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were extracted and concentrated by zirconium (IV)-based UiO-67 material and analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (UHPLC-FLD). Key parameters of d-SPE were optimised to improve extraction efficiency. Under the optimised conditions, the method demonstrated good linearity, with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.01 to 0.07 ng/g and limits of quantification (LOQs) from 0.04 to 0.18 ng/g. The developed method was applied to determine trace PAHs in complex matrices, yielding recoveries ranging from 80.00 % to 114.6% for <i>Radix isatidis</i> samples. The precisions of intra-day and inter-day were 1.10–8.70% and 3.90–12.8%, respectively. The enrichment factor (EF) values for the tested analytes varied from 2.42 to 3.47. The absolute recoveries (ARs %) were between 80.80 %and 115.7 %. The proposed method proved to be efficient and reliable for detecting trace PAHs in <i>Radix isatidis</i> and holds great promise for monitoring trace PAHs in other complex food matrices.