Making Tensions in Sustainability Education Visible: Using Value Squares for Reflection and Awareness

Introduction «The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposing ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function» (F. Scott Fitzgerald) Educators are confronted with irresolvable antinomies, paradoxes, and contradictions in their respective fields of action (e.g., Helsper, 2021). This also applies to the context of sustainability education (e.g., Hedefalk et al., 2021; Laub, 2022). These tensions frequently arise from conflicting values and corr...