Talaromyces thailandensis L. Manoch, T. Dethoup & N. Yilmaz 2013

Talaromyces thailandensis L. Manoch, T. Dethoup & N. Yilmaz (2013) Fig. 21 Description. Sexual morph Ascomata solitary or clustered, superficial, globose to subglobose, yellow hyphae covered, 220–470 µm diam. Asci subglobose to ovoid, hyaline, 8.6–12.7 µm × 7.9–10.1 µm (x ̄ = 10.9 × 9.6 µm, L / W ratio = 1.14, n = 15). Ascospores ellipsoidal, spiny, thick walled, 4.2–5.0 µm × 2.8–3.5 µm (x ̄ = 4.6 × 3.2 µm, L / W ratio = 1.47, n = 25). Asexual morph Conidiophores straight, bi-verticillate, smooth walled and long stipes, up to 300 µm. Metulae 9.1–14.0 µm × 2.5–2.8 µm. Phialides 3–6, flask-shaped, 8.1–12.5 µm × 2.2–2.5 µm. Conidia globose to subglobose, smooth walled, hyaline to pale brownish green, 2.0–2.8 µm × 1.6–2.4 µm (x ̄ = 2.4 × 2.0 µm, L / W ratio = 1.20, n = 25). Medium dependent growth in 7 / 14 days at 25 ° C (mm). • CYA 35–38 / 58 – 61; CYAS 15–17 / 31 – 33; MEA 40–42 / 70 – 75; OA 39–42 / 85 – 90; PDA 38–41 / 70 – 75; YESA 30–33 / 43 – 48. Temperature dependent growth in 7 days (mm). • CYA / MEA 20 ° C 32–34 / 31 – 33; 30 ° C 40–44 / 37 – 42; 37 ° C No growth / No growth. Culture characteristics. CYA, 25 ° C, 14 days, margin entire and light yellow, floccose, sporulation dense, yellowish orange, soluble pigments absent, exudates clear droplets; reverse in orange and copper brown at center. MEA, 25 ° C, 14 days, margin entire and whitish, floccose, sporulation dense, grayish-green, soluble pigments absent, exudates clear droplets; reverse in cream-buff. OA, 25 ° C, 14 days, margin entire and golden yellow, floccose to funiculose, sporulation dense, orange to grayish-green and wine red at center, soluble pigments absent, exudates clear droplets; reverse in buff. PDA, 25 ° C, 14 days, margin entire and light yellow, floccose, sporulation dense, yellowish orange to grayish-green, soluble pigments absent, exudates clear droplets; reverse in cream-buff. YESA, 25 ° C, 14 days, slightly sulcate, margin irregular, floccose, sporulation moderately dense, yellowish orange, soluble pigments and exudates absent; reverse in orange-brown. Material examined. TAIWAN • Guanshan Township, Taitung County, 23°02'17.6"N, 121°11'26.3"E, serpentine soil in rice field, 3 rd November 2022, K. W. Cheng, living culture NTUPPMCC 22-272. Notes. In the present study, our strain (NTUPPMCC 22-272) clustered within the clade containing ex-type strain, along with other representative strains of T. thailandensis with strong statistical support (85 % / 1.00) (Fig. 19). T. thailandensis (NTUPPMCC 22-272) displayed morphological features similar to the ex-type strain (CBS 133147) as reported by Manoch et al. (2013) and Yilmaz et al. (2014). Typically, these species exhibit ellipsoidal, spiny, thick-walled ascospores (sexual stage), bi-verticillate conidiophores with 3–6 phialides, and subglobose conidia (asexual stage), along with an absence of growth at 37 ° C. However, our strain (NTUPPMCC 22-272) differs by presenting a distinctive red hue on OA (Fig. 21). T. thailandensis has been reported previously in Thailand as soil-derived fungus (Manoch et al. 2013; Ningsih et al. 2024). However, this study represents the first discovery of T. thailandensis in Taiwan.