Review on Co-Crystallization for Solubility Enhancement

Co-crystallization is a promising strategy in pharmaceutical formulation for improving the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. This review explores the mechanisms, advantages, and practical methodologies of co-crystallization, highlighting recent advances in the field. Co-crystals, composed of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and conformers linked by non-covalent interactions, present a viable alternative to traditional approaches such as salt formation and amorphization. This article summarizes the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) relevance, applications, advantages, limitations, and evaluation methods of co-crystals, with a comprehensive literature survey and discussion on various formation techniques.