Assessment of Vegetation Condition in Lower Narmada Basin Using Remote Sensing and GIS

The study employs remote sensing and GIS to evaluate vegetation conditions in the Lower Narmada Basin. This study calculates numerous spectral indices using Landsat data from 2015, 2020 and 2025, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The research revealed patterns in vegetation cover, water content, moisture levels, and built-up areas throughout the basin. The study shows that there is a substantial relationship between NDVI and NDWI, implying that vegetation expansion and water body loss occur concurrently. Furthermore, increased urbanization is associated with lower NDVI and NDMI, emphasizing the importance of balanced land management measures for ensuring ecological sustainability.