Green Production and Green Technological Innovation: A Theoretical Review

Environmental threats such as global climate change, depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution have led businesses to develop sustainability-oriented strategies. In this context, green production, green technological innovation and green supply chain management (GSCM) concepts stand out as tools that play a critical role in ensuring environmental sustainability. The study addresses the effects of green production and innovation practices on the environmental, economic and competitive performances of enterprises and examines how these processes are integrated in the context of supply chain management. Based on a narrative literature review and conceptual synthesis, this study examines practices such as. sustainable production models, green product innovation, eco-design, green purchasing, reverse logistics and environmentally friendly supplier relationships. The findings show that green practices not only reduce environmental impact but also provide firms with significant contributions such as long-term competitive advantage, cost savings and brand reputation. In addition, it is understood that economic and organizational sustainability concerns are the determinants of firms' orientation towards green innovation rather than environmental motivations. In conclusion, green production, technological innovation and supply chain practices should be evaluated holistically to achieve sustainable development goals. To ensure this integrity, the study provides strategic recommendations for both businesses and policymakers and makes a theoretical contribution to the literature.