THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: CHALLENGES AND EVOLVING TREATMENT PARADIGMS

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the spine and the lumbosacral joints, leading to their ankylosis and, eventually, disability. Characterized by inflammation and progressive damage, AS predominantly impacts individuals under 40 years of age, with a higher prevalence in men. The disease is associated with the human leukocyte antigen HLA-B27, a genetic marker that plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. AS is recognized for its significant societal impact, as it often leads to early disability in the younger population, affecting their quality of life and productivity. Recent updates in therapeutic guidelines emphasize the combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions to manage disease progression and alleviate symptoms. This paper explores the current treatment options for AS, focusing on the effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), biologic therapies, and newer immunomodulatory agents, as well as the need for updated treatment guidelines.