Freshwater Scorpion (Heterometrus laoticus) and Forest Scorpion (Heterometrus spinifer): Biological Characteristics, Venom and First Aid

This article presents scientific information on the Freshwater Scorpion (Heterometrus laoticus) and the Forest Scorpion (Heterometrus spinifer), both belonging to the order Scorpiones, family Scorpionidae. The study compares their biological characteristics, body size, coloration, habitats, and behavior. H. laoticus typically inhabits moist areas near water, such as rice fields and ponds, while H. spinifer is found in dense forests and mountainous regions. Both species possess mild to moderate neurotoxic and cytotoxic venom, causing localized pain, swelling, and redness, with severe reactions possible in allergic individuals. The article also discusses their life cycles, reproductive patterns, distinctions from other freshwater scorpion species in Thailand, medical risk criteria, clinical treatment approaches and first-aid guidelines. Additionally, it highlights their ecological roles as natural pest controllers and emphasizes sustainable utilization practices in local communities.