Microcrystalline Cellulose in Pharmaceutical Formulations: A Comprehensive Review on Applications, Concentrations, And Functional Attributes

Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) is a widely utilized pharmaceutical excipient known for its compressibility, chemical inertness, and compatibility with a broad range of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Derived from partial acid hydrolysis of α-cellulose, MCC possesses a crystalline structure that supports its role as both a binder and filler in various solid and semi-solid dosage forms. It is available in multiple commercial grades, offering formulation flexibility for tablets, capsules, suspensions, and novel drug delivery systems. MCC also contributes to disintegration, stabilization, and sustained drug release when combined with functional polymers. Its GRAS status and inclusion in major pharmacopoeias affirm its regulatory safety. With emerging innovations in nanocellulose applications and green manufacturing processes, MCC continues to play a vital role in advanced and sustainable pharmaceutical development.