Role of Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography Scan in Abdominal Trauma and Correlation with Intra Operative Findings

Abstract Introduction: Trauma is a ‘time sensitive disease’. Prevalence of intra-abdominal injury varies widely, ranging from 7.7% to 65% [5]. Physical examination alone may not always yield sufficient information regarding the extent of abdominal injuries. Therefore, there is a need for a diagnostic tool that can rapidly and reliably assess the presence or absence of intra-abdominal injuries. In cases of blunt abdominal trauma, relying solely on clinical assessment can lead to diagnostic delays and the potential oversight of intra-abdominal injuries due to neurological impairment caused by the trauma itself. In the contemporary approach to managing blunt abdominal trauma non-operatively, even in cases involving solid organ injuries, imaging plays a crucial role. The detection of abdominal trauma is a frequent diagnostic problem in patients with multiple injuries. Focused assessment sonography in trauma (FAST) specifically targets the detection of intra-abdominal free fluid, though it does not provide detailed organ assessment. This approach is widely recognized as a rapid diagnostic tool during the initial assessment of blunt abdominal trauma victims, potentially reducing the need for abdomino-pelvic computed tomographic (CT) scans and deep peritoneal lavage procedures. Computed tomography (CT) is considered the preferred diagnostic modality for assessing abdominal injuries resulting from blunt trauma in hemodynamically stable patients. CT scans offer a quick and precise evaluation of abdominal organs, retroperitoneum, skeletal injuries, and the abdominal wall. Additionally, abdominal CT scans are valuable for detecting associated thoracic injuries and unexpected spinal and pelvic fractures.