The Role of Additives in Ethanol-Gasoline Blends: A Comprehensive Review on Efficiency and Emission Control in SI Engines

This study investigates the impact of ethanol-gasoline blends on the performance and emissions of a spark ignition (SI) engine. Various ethanol concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) were mixed with gasoline using an ultrasonic bath to ensure optimal blending. Results indicated that increasing ethanol content improved power output, brake specific fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency, while also reducing harmful exhaust emissions. However, a decrease in volumetric efficiency was noted. Overall, the findings suggest that ethanol blends can enhance engine performance and reduce environmental impact, making them a viable alternative to traditional fuels. The physicochemical properties of iso-butanol additives in ethanol-gasoline blends and their impact on the performance and emission characteristics of a spark-ignition engine. The ethanol-gasoline blend, specifically at a 10% volume basis of ethanol (E10), is enhanced with varying proportions of iso-butanol additives (5%, 10%, and 15%), designated as E10B5, E10B10, and E10B15. The study aims to determine how these additives influence engine performance metrics, such as power output and efficiency, while also analysing exhaust emissions, including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The findings indicate that the addition of iso-butanol improves both engine performance and reduces harmful emissions, highlighting the potential of these blended fuels as a viable alternative to conventional gasoline.