The Sacred Narco− Psychoactive Plants In Ancient Civilization: A Systematic Review Of Nymphaea Caerulea (Egyptian Water Lily) Flower; Analysis From Pharmacological To Medicinal Perspective For Future Application.

Nymphaea (Nauchali var.Caerulea) is a plant that was once abundant on the Nile Delta. It is a rare type of water lily found in African and Asian regions. According to several studies, art depiction of the blue lotus flower was reported on Egyptian papyri and tombs from the 14th century B.C. It held a great cultural and religious significance within ancient civilization, in which ancient Egypt had the portrayal of it among multiple locations at various times throughout the history, which later went on as folklore or mythological tale. This study investigates and discuss its common use as a "traditional drug/ ingredient" in various rituals and examines its role to cure a variety of diseases. Additionally, investigates its role into some of the other cultures, such as (Mesoamerican, Persian, and Asian) that had the use of nymphaea species and related plants. Given the significance of this plant in Ancient Civilization, warranted further exploration and investigation of the use of it in modern times, its pharmaceutical properties, compounds and the link to several modern diseases and side effects. The main aim of this article includes; providing a comprehensive overview of its chemical properties, pharmacological activities, the underlying regulatory and legality mechanisms, hence discovering new potential for therapeutic use. This paper could guide researchers come to their conclusions about the Nymphaea Caerulea flower and hinder for further use of this plant.