Tersilochus (Tersilochus) cognatus

Tersilochus (Tersilochus) cognatus (Holmgren, 1860) Materials Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: L. Blommers; individualCount: 9; sex: 6 females, 3 males; occurrenceID: 54049FC8-2603-5F57-A50E-6F1FADB802F7; Location: country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Trentino-Alto Adige [TAA]; municipality: Trento; locality: San Rocco; Identification: identifiedBy: A. Khalaim; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; year: 1994; month: 4-5; day: 21-11; verbatimEventDate: 21. iv – 11. v. 1994; Record Level: institutionCode: RMNH Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. van Achterberg; R. de Vries; individualCount: 1; sex: female; occurrenceID: 088DABF4-18B5-5F67-9B74-1F7BB35EEF1D; Location: country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Piedmont [PIE]; municipality: Cuneo; locality: Parco Naturale delle Alpi Marittime, Trinità, Ponte del Suffiet,; verbatimElevation: 1170 m; verbatimCoordinates: N 44 ° 11 ’ 553 ʹʹ, E 7 ° 26 ’ 192 ʹʹ; verbatimLatitude: 44 ° 11 ’ 553 ʹʹ N; verbatimLongitude: 7 ° 26 ’ 192 ʹʹ E; decimalLatitude: 44.198694; decimalLongitude: 7.438667; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; Identification: identifiedBy: A. Khalaim; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; year: 2008; month: 6; day: 10-24; verbatimEventDate: 10–24. vi. 2008; habitat: near rivulet, edge of wet forest; Record Level: institutionCode: RMNH Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. van Achterberg; R. de Vries; individualCount: 1; sex: female; occurrenceID: 2A72B432-4F86-5943-AFE9-83CCAA259F15; Location: country: Italy; countryCode: IT; stateProvince: Piedmont [PIE]; municipality: Cuneo; locality: Parco Naturale delle Alpi Marittime, Trinità, Gias d’Ischietto; verbatimElevation: 1323 m; verbatimCoordinates: N 44 ° 10 ' 317 ", E 07 ° 27 ' 348 "; verbatimLatitude: 44 ° 10 ' 317 " N; verbatimLongitude: 07 ° 27 ' 348 " E; decimalLatitude: 44.175472; decimalLongitude: 7.459667; geodeticDatum: WGS 84; Identification: identifiedBy: A. Khalaim; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; year: 2008; month: 6; day: 13-24; verbatimEventDate: 13–24. vi. 2008; habitat: near rivulet, ruderal forest meadow; Record Level: institutionCode: RMNH Distribution Palaearctic (Western Palaearctic). Asserted distribution in Italy: North Italy (Horstmann 1981, as Tersilochus jocator Holmgren, 1859; Scaramozzino 1995, as Tersilochus jocator Holmgren, 1859); TAA (new record); PIE (Pagliano 2009, as Tersilochus jocator Holmgren, 1859; new record); EMR (Zangheri 1969, as Thersilochus [sic] jocator Holmgren, 1859); South Italy (Scaramozzino 1995, as Tersilochus jocator Holmgren, 1859); ABR (Pagliano 2009, as Tersilochus jocator Holmgren, 1859). Notes Holmgren (1859) mentioned the name " Tersilochus (Porizon) Iocator Grav. " as the type species for the genus Tersilochus. However, Gravenhorst (1829) did not describe a new species with this name, but mentioned the Ichneumon jocator of Fabricius (1793). As already delineated by Horstmann (1969), Ichneumon jocator Fabricius, 1793 is actually an Eriborus (Campopleginae) and is currently a synonym of Eriborus braccatus (Gmelin, 1790) (Aubert 1971, Horstmann 2001). As reported by Horstmann (2005), Gravenhorst (1829) misidentified the specimen (s) he included in Porizon jocator Fabricius, 1793. Thus, Holmgren, following the interpretation by Gravenhorst (1829) when designating the type species for Tersilochus, committed an incorrect subsequent spelling. Those specimens are, in fact, Tersilochus cognatus (Holmgren, 1860). Horstmann (1969) wrongly interpreted Holmgren's identification as a deliberate use of an incorrect interpretation (following the 1962 version of the Code). Currently, these cases fall into Article 67.13. 1 of ICZN (1999) which clearly states that " If an author fixes as the type species of a new nominal genus or subgenus a species originally included deliberately in the sense of a misidentification or misapplication by an earlier author of a name which had been previously established [. ..], the type species fixed by that action is deemed to be a new nominal species [...]; for the name-bearing type of this species see [...] ". With this in mind, what Yu et al. (2016) report is unwarranted, as there is no jocator Holmgren, 1859 (unavailable name), because Holmgren (1859) did not deliberately include a misidentification, but simply reported what he thought to be a valid identification by Gravenhorst (1829). It was Horstmann (1969) who deliberately included a wrong identification, creating therefore an unavailable name, Tersilochus jocator Horstmann, 1869. This is perfectly explained in Horstmann (2005), which also reported that Holmgren (1859) ' s jocator should be treated as a misidentification of cognatus Holmgren, 1860.