Design of a PVT solar collector for household application

<p>This study focuses on the design, simulation, and performance evaluation of a photovoltaic thermal (PVT) solar collector for household energy applications in Obuasi, Ghana. With the growing need for sustainable and efficient energy solutions, the research addresses challenges related to improving solar energy conversion efficiency and economic viability. Utilizing simulation tools, the system was analyzed under two scenarios: with and without a bio-nano catalyst. The inclusion of the bio-nano catalyst significantly enhanced performance, achieving a combined efficiency of 70.47% compared to 58.73% without the catalyst. Theoretical calculations revealed a PV efficiency of 23.7%, thermal efficiency of 52.37%, and a combined efficiency of 76.07%, with a PV output of 550 W and a thermal output of 333.67 W with an area of 2m<sup>2</sup>. The system demonstrated an economic advantage with annual energy savings of GHS 18 000 and a net present value (NPV) of GHS 133 691.92. This work highlights the bio-nano catalyst's role in optimizing heat transfer and reducing thermal losses, contributing to enhanced energy conversion and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Despite its small area of 1.18 m², the PVT system provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for household energy needs. Recommendations for further improvements include advanced PV materials, enhanced thermal management, and innovative coatings to achieve an efficiency of 80% or higher. The findings underscore the PVT system's potential to advance renewable energy adoption, supporting Ghana’s transition to a more sustainable energy future.</p>