THE ROLE OF GABA-PRODUCING LACTOBACILLUS AND BIFIDOBACTERIUM IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental conditions marked by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Recent research highlights the role of gut microbiota, particularly GABA-producing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, in modulating brain function via the gut-brain axis. GABA, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, helps maintain excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance. Dysregulation of GABAergic signaling is linked to ASD symptoms such as anxiety, sensory sensitivity, and social deficits. Preclinical studies suggest that GABA or GABA-producing probiotics can improve these symptoms, especially when combined with glutamatergic modulation. Psychobiotics—probiotics with neuroactive potential—have shown promising effects in reducing anxiety and enhancing social behavior. Some clinical data also indicate moderate benefits in children with ASD. However, further research is required to validate their efficacy, standardize strains, and integrate them into comprehensive ASD treatment strategies.