FRESHWATER POLLUTION IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES, CONTROL STRATEGIES, AND PROSPECTS OF GREEN REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES

This study reviews studies on freshwater pollution in Nigeria, examining its causes, impacts, and the potential of green remediation technologies as sustainable solutions. Drawing on findings from previous studies, it identifies the major sources of freshwater pollution, including industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and domestic waste. It discusses their adverse effects on public health, biodiversity, and economic development. The research reviews existing control strategies, emphasizing the need for stronger regulatory frameworks and public awareness. Special attention is given to green remediation approaches such as phytoremediation, constructed wetlands, and biofiltration, which present eco-friendly alternatives to traditional methods. Despite the promising prospects, challenges such as limited technical expertise, inadequate funding, and space constraints hinder the widespread adoption of these solutions. The study concludes by recommending strategic actions to promote green technologies, including increasing research, public-private partnerships, and capacity building to ensure effective water management and pollution control in Nigeria.