The Double-Helix Photon: A Deterministic Framework for Light's Behavior

This new version add the rich math associated with the DHM, demonstrating compatibility with observations and predictions. AbstractThe Double-Helix Photon Model (DHM) redefines light’s behavior by introducing a deterministic framework where photons are described as entities with a helical geometry. In this model, the electric (\( \mathbf{E} \)) and magnetic (\( \mathbf{B} \)) fields trace a double-helix trajectory along the photon’s propagation direction, maintaining a perpendicular relationship that ensures causality and propagation at the speed of light. DHM provides a geometric explanation for key optical phenomena, including polarization, diffraction, and interference. By deriving Malus’s Law (\( I = I_0 \cos^2(\theta) \)) from the projection geometry of the helical electric field, DHM restores its classical, deterministic interpretation, independent of probabilistic quantum wavefunction collapse. The model also reproduces the interference patterns in single-slit and double-slit experiments through deterministic equations based on the photon's helical structure. This paper introduces the mathematical basis for DHM, demonstrating its consistency with both classical optics and observed experimental results. By rejecting non-locality and wavefunction collapse, DHM offers a deterministic alternative to quantum mechanical interpretations of light, providing a unified framework that reconciles classical and quantum observations.