THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF VICTOR HUGO (FRENCH NOVELIST) AND JULIA KRISTEVA (BULGARIAN-FRENCH PSYCHOANALYST) TO THE EXPLORATION OF DESPAIR AND SUICIDE IN LITERATURE

This article explores the contributions of Victor Hugo, a prominent French novelist, and Julia Kristeva, a Bulgarian-French psychoanalyst, to the themes of despair and suicide in literature. Hugo's works, particularly Les Misérables and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, illustrate the profound impact of societal injustices on individual suffering, while Kristeva's psychoanalytic approach emphasizes the relationship between language, identity, and psychological distress. Together, their insights provide a comprehensive understanding of how literature reflects and shapes the discourse surrounding despair and suicide.