Influence of Soil pH, Moisture, and Organic Carbon on Soil Health and Water Retention

Abstract: The primary motive of this project was to assess the health of soil samples collected from various locations, including industrial sites, farmlands, playgrounds, petrol pump areas, and ordinance (government agency) sites. Soil quality is influenced by factors such as pH, moisture content, and organic carbon, which play a crucial role in nutrient availability, water retention, and plant growth. Water interacts continuously with soil, affecting its chemical composition and carrying dissolved nutrients, organic matter, and contaminants. Changes in these parameters can significantly impact soil fertility, groundwater quality, and environmental sustainability. By analyzing key parameters such as pH, moisture, and organic carbon, we aimed to evaluate the soil’s ability to retain water, support vegetation, and sustain microbial life. Improper pH levels can affect nutrient solubility and water infiltration, low moisture content can reduce plant hydration and microbial activity, and insufficient organic carbon weakens soil structure and water-holding capacity. To achieve these objectives, a systematic approach was employed, involving soil sampling, preparation, and analysis using reliable laboratory techniques. The results revealed that most soil samples were weakly acidic, with low moisture content and varying levels of organic carbon. Industrial and ordinance soils exhibited moderate organic carbon levels, while petrol pump soil had the lowest fertility due to poor organic matter content. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining balanced soil conditions and proper water management for sustainable agriculture and environmental health