A Review on Microspheres: Novel Approach in Drug Delivery System

Microspheres are spherical, free-flowing particles ranging in size from 1 to 1000 micrometers and are widely utilized in drug delivery systems due to their controlled and sustained release properties. These systems offer significant advantages, including enhanced bioavailability, reduced dosing frequency, targeted delivery, and improved patient compliance. Microspheres can be fabricated using a variety of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and their copolymers (PLGA), as well as natural polymers like gelatin and chitosan. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the types, preparation methods, and evaluation parameters of microspheres. Techniques such as solvent evaporation, spray drying, and phase separation are discussed alongside methods for assessing particle size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, and biocompatibility. The potential of microspheres in various therapeutic areas, including cancer, diabetes, and vaccine delivery, highlights their versatility and relevance in modern pharmaceutical research. Despite current challenges in scale-up and regulatory approval, microspheres remain a promising platform for the development of advanced drug delivery systems.