CHALLENGES IN ELECTRICAL ENERGY TRANSMISSION VIA LOW-VOLTAGE LINES

the efficiency and reliability of electrical energy transmission play a crucial role in modern power distribution networks. Low-voltage transmission lines are widely used for delivering electricity to residential, commercial, and rural areas; however, they face several challenges that impact their effectiveness. This paper explores the technical, economic, and operational challenges associated with low-voltage electrical transmission, including high transmission losses, voltage drops, power quality issues, and infrastructure limitations. The study employs a combination of numerical simulations, comparative analysis, and case studies to evaluate the impact of these challenges on energy efficiency. The results indicate that low-voltage transmission suffers from significant energy losses, leading to reduced overall efficiency and increased costs. Additionally, possible solutions such as the integration of voltage regulators, smart grid technologies, and decentralized energy storage are discussed. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of low-voltage transmission inefficiencies and their impact on energy distribution networks, emphasizing the need for optimized infrastructure and advanced regulatory policies to improve power quality and economic viability.