DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING USING DEBATES AND DISCUSSIONS IN ONLINE CLASSROOMS

Critical thinking is one of the most important skills in today's educational system. However, in an online learning environment, students often remain passive listeners, which limits their ability to develop critical thinking skills. This article analyzes the issue of developing critical thinking through the use of debates and discussions in online education based on theoretical foundations. It explains how debates and discussions influence students' thinking processes based on social constructivism theory, Vygotsky's social learning theory, and cognitive development theory. Additionally, it discusses the challenges encountered when applying these methods in online education and their solutions