ASSOCIATIVE MICROORGANISMS RESIDING IN SOIL AND THEIR BIOTECHNO-LOGICAL POTENTIAL

Abstract Associative microorganisms residing in soil play a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility and the stability of agroecosystems. These microorganisms, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and other beneficial microbes, form symbiotic or associative relationships with plants. Their activity enhances nutrient availability, promotes plant growth, increases stress tolerance, and reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers. The biotechnological potential of these microorganisms is widely utilized in agriculture and environmental management. They are employed in the development of biofertilizers, biopesticides, and for the bioremediation of contaminated soils.