The effects and mechanisms of individual and combined drought-resistant genes on wheat grain quality

Wheat is a globally important cereal crop, and its yield and quality are significantly constrained by drought stress. Drought resistance, as a complex trait regulated by multiple genes, exhibits varying effects under different environmental conditions. This study focuses on drought-resistant genes A, B, and C and their combinations, systematically evaluating their effects on wheat grain quality, particularly thousand-kernel weight, under both normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Using KASP molecular marker technology, precise detection and genotyping of the three drought-resistant genes were conducted. The results indicate that individual drought-resistant genes have limited effects on improving grain quality, whereas gene combinations significantly enhance grain quality. Notably, the A+B and A+C combinations demonstrated stronger positive effects under drought conditions, highlighting the importance of gene interactions in improving grain quality. Based on the findings, a breeding strategy integrating multi-gene pyramiding and marker-assisted selection is proposed to enhance wheat's drought resistance and grain quality. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for drought-resistant breeding and grain quality improvement in wheat but also offers scientific support for ensuring food security and promoting sustainable agriculture in the context of global climate change.