Observation of variations of biochemical and mineral contents in bone tissue using x-ray diffraction technique

Abstract The concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) in aluminum-exposed bone tissues were found to be significantly lower compared to the control group. However, treatment with chelating agents DFO and DFP led to a notable increase in these mineral contents. Trace element concentrations were analyzed using ICP–OES. This study suggests that aluminum toxicity results in considerable depletion of bone minerals and a reduction in key biochemical constituents. Bone tissue is a dynamic composite biomaterial composed of organic matrix and inorganic minerals, primarily hydroxyapatite. Variations in its biochemical and mineral composition can reflect physiological and pathological changes. This study investigates the mineralogical and structural variations in bone tissues using the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. Bone samples were collected and analyzed for their phase composition, crystallinity, and mineral content distribution. The XRD analysis revealed significant differences in peak intensities and crystallite sizes, indicating alterations in mineralization patterns. These findings offer valuable insights into bone health assessment, disease diagnostics, and the effects of external factors such as age, diet, and environmental exposure on bone quality.