LIPID-BASED NANOPARTICLES FOR DELIVERY OF VACCINE ADJUVANTS AND ANTIGENS: TOWARD MULTICOMPONENT VACCINES

Even though vaccine adjuvants have advanced significantly, there are still unmet demands that might allow for the creation of vaccinations that are appropriate for more difficult-to-treat infections (such HIV and TB) as well as cancer vaccines. Because of their adaptability, liposomes have previously demonstrated great efficacy as adjuvant/delivery systems and are probably going to find more applications in this field. The recent licensing of COVID-19 vaccines that contain lipid nanoparticles with encapsulated mRNA highlights the wide range of possibilities of lipid-based delivery methods. This article offers a summary of the many methods that may be assessed for the development of lipid-based vaccination adjuvants and delivery systems for antigens based on proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, along with the information on how these methods could be coupled to create multicomponent vaccines. It also highlights on the ongoing evolution of vaccine technology and the critical role lipid-based systems are expected to play in advancing vaccine development for both infectious diseases and cancer.