Surgical Management of Ventricular Aneurysms in Pediatric Patients with Viral Myocarditis: A Comprehensive Review

Background: Viral myocarditis represents a significant cause of pediatric cardiac morbidity and is occasionally complicated by the formation of ventricular aneurysms (VAs). These rare lesions can lead to life-threatening complications, including arrhythmias, embolic events, and cardiac rupture, necessitating timely and effective management. Objective: This article aims to review the surgical approaches employed in managing ventricular aneurysms in children with viral myocarditis, focusing on clinical presentations, diagnostic tools, surgical techniques, and outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive review of existing literature was conducted, emphasizing pediatric cases of VA secondary to viral myocarditis. The analysis includes case reports, retrospective studies, and clinical guidelines outlining indications for surgical intervention and the technical considerations therein. Results: Surgical resection of ventricular aneurysms in this population remains a challenging yet often life-saving procedure. Key findings highlight the importance of preoperative imaging modalities, intraoperative strategies to preserve ventricular function, and the role of postoperative care in optimizing outcomes. Conclusions: While surgical management of VAs in pediatric viral myocarditis is rare, it provides a definitive treatment option with favorable outcomes in well-selected cases. Multidisciplinary collaboration and advancements in surgical techniques are critical in addressing this complex pathology.