Identification of Condylar Pathologies Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography- A Retrospective Study

Abstract The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is responsible for majority of functions carried out by the dental arches. Mandibular condyle, a primary centre for growth in mandible, is covered by a cartilage which undergoes constant remodelling throughout life. Alterations in condylar morphology are a multi-factorial outcome which is dependent of age, occlusion, habits and lifestyle. This study was conducted to assess osseous changes in the bilateral condylar region and evaluate correlation with age and gender, based on CBCT images of TMJ. Corrected images of CBCT scans of right and left condyle of 140 individuals were evaluated on sagittal and coronal sections for the presence of osseous changes including flattening, osteophyte formation, erosion, sclerosis and Ely’s cyst. 10.21% of the sample depicted osseous changes in the one or both TMJs. Flattening was the most prevalent osseous finding followed by osteophyte formation, erosion, sclerosis and Ely’s cyst respectively. From our study we concluded that in the middle age group, flattening is the most prevalent type of degenerative bone change and Ely’s cyst is the least prevalent. A definite correlation of these condylar changes with age and gender exists. Essentially, the radiologists should identify and inform such osseous changes in TMJ for appropriate early intervention.