A Comprehensive Review of Agricultural Seeds Drying Technologies: Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions

Efficient drying of agricultural seeds is a critical post-harvest process that ensures seed viability, quality, and storage longevity. Various drying technologies, including conventional and advanced techniques, have been developed to optimize moisture removal while preserving seed properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of existing agricultural seed drying methods, including hot air drying, vacuum drying, microwave-assisted drying, and hybrid techniques. The study examines recent advancements in drying technologies, their impact on seed quality, energy efficiency, and drying kinetics. Additionally, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in drying systems is discussed, highlighting their potential in real-time monitoring and process optimization. The review identifies key challenges such as high energy consumption, uneven drying, and the need for technology adaptation in different agricultural settings. Future research directions emphasize the development of energy-efficient, intelligent drying systems tailored for specific seed types. This study aims to provide insights for researchers and industry stakeholders to enhance drying technology, ensuring sustainable and high-quality seed preservation.