Assessment on Irrigation Practice and Deep Tubewell Irrigation System as an Alternative Solution to Surface Water Irrigation Scarcity Region: A Case Study of Rohini Rural Municipality, Nepal

Abstract This study evaluates the financial viability of deep tubewell irrigation as a sustainable solution to existing irrigation challenges in Rohini Rural Municipality, Nepal. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating qualitative insights from farmer surveys with quantitative data on agricultural inputs, outputs, and irrigation practices. A random sample of 95 households was selected using Cochran’s formula to ensure representativeness. The financial feasibility of deep tubewell irrigation was assessed using key economic indicators, including the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost (B/C) Ratio, and Sensitivity Analysis. The findings reveal that deep tubewell irrigation significantly enhances agricultural productivity by increasing cropping intensity from 200% to 225%. The economic assessment confirms the project's viability, with a B/C ratio of 2.65 and 2.34 at discount rates of 10% and 12%, respectively, and an IRR of 29.70%. Sensitivity analysis further demonstrates the project's resilience, with IRR remaining above 24% even under unfavorable conditions of increased costs and reduced benefits. Additionally, transitioning from borewell and diesel-powered pumps to deep tubewell irrigation powered by electricity offers farmers a more cost-effective and reliable water supply. This study highlights deep tubewell irrigation as a financially sound and transformative solution for improving water security and enhancing agricultural sustainability in the region