Insulin Resistance: A Pathway to Metabolic Syndrome – A Comprehensive Review

Abstract Insulin resistance (IR) plays a pivotal role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of conditions that includes central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. The prevalence of insulin resistance and its connection to MetS is increasing globally, driven by sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary habits, and genetic predispositions. This review explores the underlying mechanisms linking insulin resistance to MetS, discusses its epidemiology, and examines current diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches. Recent advancements in pharmacological and lifestyle interventions are also highlighted, along with areas for future research.