Magnetic Resonance Imaging - A Diagnostic Tool of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Review

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders encompass a variety of conditions impacting the jaw's functional anatomy, leading to symptoms such as pain, restricted movement, and joint noises. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become a central diagnostic tool for TMJ disorders due to its ability to visualize soft tissue structures, such as the articular disc, synovial membrane, and surrounding ligaments, without exposing patients to ionizing radiation. MRI techniques, including static and dynamic imaging, provide insight into disc displacement, joint effusion, and early degenerative changes, facilitating accurate diagnoses and treatment planning. Despite its high diagnostic value, MRI has limitations, including high costs, long scan times, limited effectiveness in assessing muscle-related pain, and challenges in evaluating certain bone conditions. This review explores the applications, efficacy, and limitations of MRI in diagnosing TMJ disorders, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive clinical evaluation alongside imaging for optimal patient care.