In Vivo Cytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Ocimum Basilicum

AbstractOcimum basilicum has long been used traditionally to treat cancer, convulsions, epilepsy, gout, nausea, sore throat, toothache and as a first aid treatment for snake and wasp bites. However, little research has been done into its toxicity. We wanted to contribute to the cytotoxic study of the aqueous extract of the leaves of this plant. The aim of the study was to assess the in vivo cytotoxicity of the aqueous extract of Ocimum basilicum leaves on Wistar rats. This aromatic herb of interest is linked to the need to seek medication through a therapy that is less toxic and has no side effects. The study was carried out on Wistar rats at a dose of 2000 mg/kg for batch 2; batch 1 being the normal control given distilled water. Liver, kidney and immune functions were investigated by biological analyses (creatinine, ALAT transaminase and blood count) and histopathological examinations. In addition, phytochemical analysis of this plant was carried out to determine the nature of the bio-active molecules present in the plant. In vitro antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH scavenging activity. The administration of the single dose aqueous extract did not cause any deaths. Toxicity showed that the extracts have no effect on kidney, liver and immune function. Analysis of histological sections of the liver, kidneys and spleen indicates good functioning of these organs, thus confirming the biochemical and hematological tests carried out. This safety encourages the use of this aromatic herb in traditional medicine, cooking and cosmetics.KeywordsOcimum basilicum, Cytotoxic, Histological sections, Biochemical tests, Haematological tests.