Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Cataract Patients: A Prospective Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in cataract patients from low-income backgrounds. A total of 100 patients were selected based on specific criteria from the department of ophthalmology at Shadan institute of medical sciences over six months. The study evaluated the presence of diabetes, hypertension, both conditions, or neither. Results indicated that 34% of patients had no comorbidities, while 31% had both hypertension and diabetes, identifying these as significant risk factors for cataract development. Hypertension was more prevalent (25%) than diabetes mellitus (10%). Females appeared to be at a slightly higher risk for cataract, both with and without comorbidities, compared to males. The age group most affected was 45-50 years. The findings suggest that coexisting hypertension and diabetes significantly contribute to cataract risk, especially among women. Therefore, managing these conditions may be crucial in reducing cataract incidence in this demographic.