MORAL VALUES IN THE WORKS OF ABU NASR AL-FARABI

The article raises questions of human morality and character—etiquette as the most important issue in the spiritual culture of the Renaissance. This is because the trait that distinguishes humans from their environment and other living beings, along with reason, is their morality. Therefore, reflection on morality consists of the study of man, humanity, and anthropology. That is why ethics occupies one of the leading places in this period. Thinkers and poets of the Renaissance paid great attention to morality, ethics, and its manifestations in various spheres of life in their works. During this period, morality and reason were inextricably linked. Wise morality was interpreted as morality based on thinking, and the doctrine of morality as habit, practical morality, emerged. We saw that this doctrine first appeared in the works of Al-Farabi. Al-Farabi considered questions of morality and ethics in their inseparable connection with the intellectual qualities of man — “mind” and “wisdom.” Therefore, the moral concepts and categories he identified and analyzed are interpreted not only as expressions of behavioral norms existing in human relations, but also as the results of people's intellectual activity throughout their history. Al-Farabi pays great attention to education and upbringing in the formation of personality. Education is the provision of scientific and theoretical knowledge to young people through reading and study. Upbringing is teaching young people the moral norms and practical skills necessary for them to master a certain craft. Al-Farabi, in his work “On the Attainment of Happiness,” shows that education should be based on a movement from the simple to the complex. Al-Farabi understands high moral qualities to be such as knowledge manifested in actions, wisdom, prudence, conscientiousness, humility, setting the goals of the majority above one's own goals, the pursuit of truth, love, spiritual perfection, and love of justice, and negative moral qualities to be ignorance, cunning, lies, injustice, cruelty, greed, avarice, and wealth. The pursuit condemns indulgence in various passions.