ALASH AND BASHKIR MOVEMENTS: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, COMMON INTERESTS, AND DISTINCTIVE FEATURES

The article examines the historical development of the Alash and Bashkir movements, highlighting their similarities and differences. Both movements were national liberation struggles, aiming for the political independence of their peoples. They focused on improving education to preserve their languages and cultures, addressing economic issues caused by imperial reforms, and striving for social and economic reforms. Despite these common goals, the movements differed in their approaches: Alash Orda primarily advocated for peaceful political struggle, while the Bashkirs also engaged in armed resistance.