Lower Limb Varicose Veins: Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment Outcomes in a Tertiary Care Setting

Background: Varicose veins can lead to various leg discomforts, though it is crucial to distinguish these symptoms from other potential causes of leg pain. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the clinical and radiological characteristics and outcomes of treatment in patients with lower limb varicose veins. Materials and Methods: The study included 56 patients diagnosed with varicose veins in the lower limbs. Comprehensive demographic and clinical data were collected for each patient. Radiological assessments were conducted to evaluate the condition. Treatment was administered based on the patient’s evaluation, either through conservative or surgical interventions. The patients were followed for up to one year, and all data were recorded in a Microsoft Excel sheet for statistical analysis using SPSS software. Results: Among the 56 patients evaluated, the mean age was 46.4 years, with 69.64% of the participants being male. Unilateral involvement was observed in 73.21% of cases. Clinical symptoms included dull, aching pain, non-healing ulcers, night cramps, and deep vein thrombosis. The common femoral vein was involved in 57.14% of patients. SPJ competency was noted in 26.79%, 16.07%, and 30.36% of patients with Class 2, Class 4, and Class 6 grades, respectively. Surgical procedures included SEJ flush with GSV stripping (60.71%), SEJ flush ligation with perforator ligation (12.50%), SEJ flush ligation (10.71%), and subfascial perforator ligation (10.71%). Post-surgical evaluation showed a significant relief of pathology in 87.50% of the patients. Conclusion: Varicose veins are characterized by the permanent enlargement and dilation of veins. Surgical intervention is recommended to prevent complications, such as ulceration, in the future.