Dibolia borealis Chevrolat

Dibolia borealis Chevrolat (Figs. 90, 159) Reared specimens. OKLAHOMA: Payne Co., Mehan, 36.014339° N, - 96.996744° W, 26.iii.2016, em. 22– 24.iv.2016, M.W. Palmer, ex Plantago virginica, # CSE3068 (4 adults, MLBM); 26.iii.2017, em. 18.iv.2017, M.W. Palmer, ex Plantago patagonica, # CSE3884 (3 adults, MLBM). Other collected mines. NEW YORK: Columbia Co., Ghent, 17.vii.2015, C. Vispo, Plantago major. Photographed mines. MASSACHUSETTS: Franklin Co., Northfield, 42.647187, -72.425014, 19.vi.2017, C.S. Eiseman, Plantago lanceolata [vacated] (iNat 203292183); Plymouth Co., 42.119821, -70.712702, 17.vi.2022, E. Mitchell, Plantago lanceolata [vacated] (iNat 122205959); NEW JERSEY: Somerset Co., Warren, 40.602399, -74.532738, S. Rall, Plantago lanceolata [larva] (iNat 47902786); WEST VIRGINIA: Fayette Co., 38.150711, - 81.214928, 20.v.2023, D. Barber, Plantago lanceolata [vacated] (iNat 162850233). Hosts. Plantaginaceae: Plantago lanceolata L., P. major L., P. *patagonica Jacq., P. rugelii Decne., P. *virginica L. (Reed 1927; Riley & Enns 1979). Reed (1927) reported that larvae feed on P. lanceolata in the laboratory when deprived of P. major but have not been found on this host in nature. We found a single mine on this host in a patch of mined P. major plants, and three other observations of mines on P. lanceolata are listed above; an additional 12 examples from New Jersey have been posted on iNaturalist by S. Rall. Adults have been found on P. aristata Michx. as well as on a variety of unrelated plants that are unlikely to serve as larval hosts (Clark et al. 2004). Biology. The larval habits were described by Reed (1927). Larvae form full-depth, linear mines, with frass that is typically fine and squiggly but sometimes forms a broad, dark band (Fig. 90). Parasitoids. An adult Hemiptarsenus Westwood (Eulophidae)emerged from the New York collection (CSE2205, BMNH), and an adult Pnigalio Schrank emerged from the Oklahoma collection from Plantago virginica (CSE3124, BMNH). Chrysocharis nitetis (Walker), a species normally associated with leaf-mining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), was once reared from Dibolia borealis (Girault 1917; Hansson 1987). The only other parasitoid previously recorded from Dibolia is Pnigalio flavipes (Ashmead) (Eulophidae) from D. chelones Parry (Eiseman 2015).